bednotesforsem1

           LOCAL CULTURE  (i) Culture is an integral part of human society. It is one of the major elements of a social system. Every society has its own culture with its own feature. The regional differences, however, do occur in culture within a single society. For instance, we notice many stream within Indian culture itself located in different regions. (ii) There are different traditions in these cultural regions. We may call them subcultures. Some sociologists given name such regional cultures as ‘local culture’. (iii) The term local culture is used in a relative sense, when we talk about culture of a country, for the people of other countries it becomes a national culture. But if the reference point is cultural regions within a country, its context changes. For example, Indian culture is a national culture of India for the Britishers, the Germans and the Americans. But for Indians, local cultures include different cultural patterns foun...

 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES  Our environment faces several problems, and many of these seem to be worsening with time, bringing us into a time of a true environmental crisis. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to raise awareness of the existence of these issues, as well as what can be done to reduce their negative impact. Some of the key issues are: 1) Pollution Pollution of the air, water and soil caused by toxins such as plastics, heavy metals and nitrates, caused by factors such as toxins and gases released by factories, combustion of fossil fuels, acid rain, oil spill and industrial waste. 2) Global warming The emission of greenhouse gases due to human activity causes global warming, which in turn causes an increase in temperature that then leads to rising sea levels, melting of polar ice caps, flash floods and desertification. 3) Overpopulation We are facing a shortage of resources such as food, water and fuel to sustain the rising global population, particularly i...